Ethnographic Knowledge in Urban Planning – Bridging the Gap between the Theories of Knowledge-Based and Communicative Planning

‘Knowledge-based’ approaches have recently made a breakthrough in urban planning. How to develop balance knowledge-based planning between abstract and scientific knowledge, on the one hand, ‘local knowledge’ other hand has been long debated. To this debate, we add form of knowledge with potential for sustainable planning, i.e. ethnographic that could transmit an understanding dwellers’ daily practices values organisations. Theoretical literature is foundation our argument, which illustrate case study involving planners decision-makers Helsinki region Finland.